Nursing Philosophy - 637 Words

Philosophy of nursing is an occupation consisting of professional individuals that exhibit and express compassion, respect, dignity and integrity to their patients and fellow coworkers. Nursing is not just a career, it is intertwined in the way we think, make decisions and prioritize values. As a nurse, it is important to me to provide the highest quality nursing care possible to achieve excellence in patient outcomes, while simultaneously, providing a respectful healing environment and work with other members of the care team to achieve positive patient outcomes. Health. Wellness is not an absolute conception, but exists in the framework of the health obstacles of the human being (Kearney-Nunnery, 2012). Health, a dynamic process,†¦show more content†¦When patients are in our environment, it’s our obligation to provide safe quality care to promote safety being our top priority to our patients. We want our patients to feel safe at all times and have no fears while in our care. Nurses are responsible for knowing policies, procedures and protocols to ensure the safety of patients. We are also to maintain the privacy of our patients and to ensure Hippa regulations are not broken at any given time. It is our duty to provide safe adequate care at all times and to advocate for the patient. Nursing. Nursing is defined as treatment that is molded to the needs of the patient and delivered in a competent well organized and applicable way. Nursing refers to the operation of caring for the patient and assisting individuals in reaching their goals while also educating them the essentials of caring for themselves (Rebecca Lake, 2013). Nursing is about compassion and trying to understand human beings on all emotional, physical and scientific levels. We are the voice for our patient’s when unable to speak or unstable to make sound decisions. As nurses, we utilize therapeutic communication and intuition regarding the well-being of our patients. In conclusion nursing is just not a career, it is intertwined in the way we think, make decisions, and prioritize values. Nursing is a profession which uses evidence based practices yet displays a comprehensive understanding of human beings through health, person, environment, andShow MoreRelatedNursing Philosophy Of Nursing727 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction As a nursing student in the BSN program at West Coast University, I have discovered my skills and knowledge to prepare myself on how to be an efficient nurse as well as a nurse that truly cares for the best quality of care given to a patient. I have found some good qualities and insight in the paradigms to a philosophy of caring as a nurse. In this paper I will discuss the four paradigms of nursing which includes: Health, Nursing, Client/Person, and Environment. As a nurse, one mustRead MoreNursing Philosophy : Nursing And Nursing Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages Nursing Philosophy Nursing philosophy is defined as a nurse or students thought of what they believe to be true about the nature of the profession of nursing and to provide a base for nursing practice. (2016, para.1) The nursing field continues to develop into a professional scope of practice and nurses continue to work to develop a high standard for the profession. The values and skills that nurses’ learn as they care for patients continue to develop into rules and regulations for future nursesRead MoreNursing Philosophy784 Words   |  4 PagesNursing philosophy â€Å"identifies what is believed to be the basic or central phenomena of the discipline, relates nursing to a particular world view, and provides some information on how one may come to learn about the world†. (p. 13, Salsberry, 2008). My personal philosophy of nursing evolved over the years and includes my observations, beliefs, thoughts, and practices. The purpose of this paper is to discuss my personal philosophy of nursin g and the personal and professional experiences that haveRead MorePhilosophy of Nursing1024 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy of Nursing Alicia Hanford Elms College Philosophy of Nursing I remember at a young age telling my mother that I wanted to be a nurse just like her, she told me to choose a different path. Her response surprised me but did not stop me from pursuing my dream. I am passionate about being a nurse and what that role means. With recent frustrations with others in this profession I finally understood why my mother told me to choose a different path. I have always believed that beingRead MorePhilosophy of Nursing713 Words   |  3 PagesPhilosophy of Nursing The environment in which the patients are in plays a big role in their healing process. Florence Nightingale founded her nursing theory and philosophy on enhancing environmental factors to improve the patients overall health, healing and well-being. Nightingales attention to environment has added significance to the role environmental conditions play in human health status (Shaner, 2006). In Nightingale’s book, Notes of Nursing, she reflects on how air and water qualityRead MoreNursing Philosophy1056 Words   |  5 PagesT. Houston Philosophy of Nursing Toi Houston The University of Texas School of Nursing In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Professional Nursing A amp; B NURS 3645 Jeanean Boyd, MSN, RN June 6, 2011 Online RN-BSN Nursing is a profession that is very complicated and complex. It is exciting and has so many levels to it that one can actually never get bored with it. Most times when people think about nursing they only think about someone who adjustsRead MoreNursing Philosophy1798 Words   |  8 PagesMy Personal Nursing Philosophy Hope G. Slate Fresno Pacific University NURS/310 August 27, 2012 Brenda Laing, R.N., M.S.N., F.N.P. Abstract â€Å"Nursing theories are the creative products of nurses who seek (or sought) to thoughtfully describe the many aspects of nursing in ways that could be studied, evaluated, and used by other nurses. Theories provide structure and order for guiding and improving professional practice, teaching and learning activities, and research.† (Sitzman, 2011) Read MoreMy Philosophy Of Nursing Philosophy1481 Words   |  6 PagesMy philosophy of nursing My own nursing philosophy arises from my Knowledge as a nurse, personal beliefs and experiences, I have gathered throughout the years from my interactions with diverse patient population and other healthcare professionals, while working in different setting as a nursing in the health care. This also addresses nurse s ethics, goal and values as it relates to my nursing practice. My Nursing Philosophy is based on five components: nursing, Person, environment, holistic careRead MoreNursing Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Nursing962 Words   |  4 Pages Philosophy of Nursing Brianna Daniels Florida Southwestern State College October 9th 2017 Professor Kruger As I interact with my patients, I can’t help but think to myself â€Å"this is why I became a nurse.† During critical moments of a patients life I am there holding their hand, listening to stories about the â€Å"olden† days and giving them the encouragement it takes to leave the hospital healthier than they arrived. Nursing is not just giving medications on time, educating the patientsRead MorePhilosophy Of Nursing : Why Nursing Essay1268 Words   |  6 PagesJoalexis Philosophy of Nursing Why Nursing? When I graduated high school, I wanted to have a career in the healthcare field, I enrolled at Valencia College to do a major in Chemistry, because I wanted to complete the pre-medicine requirements in order to attend medicine school. While in school I was working at Walmart, it was a decent job. However, my passion to work on the healthcare field, made me put my pre-medicine studies to a standby, and enrolled in an emergency medical technician program

Spousal Rape Essay - 964 Words

Can a husband rape his wife? I find myself amazed by the number of people who believe that they can’t. It seems, the common mindset is that when a man and woman marry, the woman somehow become the man’s property, for him to do with what he wants, whenever he wants, regardless of her feelings. Well, I disagree completely and feel it is my duty as a past victim of spousal rape, to set the record straight that rape is rape, regardless of marital status just as murder is murder regardless of marital or relationship status. I will define the legal definition of spousal/marital rape, briefly discuss the history, point out the differences in requirements and punishments for rape vs. spousal rape, and finally describe the effects spousal rape†¦show more content†¦As a result of the women’s movement, on July 5, 1993, spousal rape became a crime in all 50 states, under at least one section of the sexual offenses code (crisisconnection.org). In 17 states and t he District of Columbia, there are no exemptions from rape prosecution given to husbands (crisisconnection.org). However, in 33 states there are still exemptions given to husbands from rape prosecution which demonstrates that rape in marriage is somehow still considered a lesser offense than other types of rape. Some examples of the differences in treatment of rape of a spouse from that of a non-spousal rape include: a shorter reporting period for spousal rape (depending on the state, 30 days, 90 days or 1 year, as opposed to at least 3 years for non-spousal rape), the previously mentioned requirement of the presence of force or injury, and in some states, the requirement that the victim must be living separate from the offender for it to qualify as a crime. Not surprisingly, the punishment for a spousal rape also differs from that of a non-spousal rape. For example, rape of a spouse by force or deadly weapon is considered a felony, and is punishable by two to ten years in jail. However, the same acts against a person who is not the spouse of the offender results in a sentence of ten to thirty-five years (ncvc.org). Just imagine if these double standards were placed on other crimes, such as murder, child molestation, assault, etc. It paints a pretty scaryShow MoreRelatedMarital Rape An d Spousal Rape1552 Words   |  7 PagesChilds Professor Sherene Jensen Sociology 100 16 November 2014 Marital Rape Marital rape, or spousal rape, had been an exceedingly controversial and touchy subject in the United States since the first feminist movement in the 1960s. In this paper, marital rape and spousal rape will be used interchangeably. One of the many challenges in addressing the topic of marital rape, is defining what behaviors should be considered rape. Rape is defined as the unlawful compelling of a person through physicalRead MoreMarital Rape And Sexual Rape1177 Words   |  5 PagesMarital rape is rape committed by the person to whom the victim is married. Many decades passed before there was ever a law against marital rape, even today India, along with other countries do not have a law against it. Some people will say marital rape is impossible and others will say it is totally possible and is considered an actual rape. Mandal says, if the legal category of rape implies sex without consent and the legal understanding of marriage entails compulsory sex, then the two will beRead MoreThe Sexual Rape Of The United States Through Legislation Regarding Marital Rape1484 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States Through Legislation Regarding Marital Rape Recently, the general topic of rape has been widely discussed through various media platforms. Rape is the act of sexual assault of another person without their consent. With this in mind a prevailing notion is that marital rape does not occur, however, numerous cases have proven otherwise. Initially, husbands were not commonly put on trial for spousal rape. Each state now identifies rape within a marriage as an illegal act, and nearly allRead MoreVictim Advocacy1496 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Date rape is a serious offense and should be not taken lightly. The National Crime Victimization Survey and the Uniform Crime Reporting provides statistics on this offense. There are also strengths and weaknesses in both tools, but they are both valuable tools. To understand date rape, it is important to know the definition, and how date rape is distinguished between stranger rape, statutory rape, and spousal rape. It’s also important to understand the drugs that are used for date rape and howRead MoreIs Rape A Victim Of A Sexual Crime? Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesTopic: Identifying how a perpetrator can utilize date rape drugs to make their victim more vulnerable and an easy target for rape. Purpose: To teach the audience why it is important to prosecute these type of cases. I. Introduction A. Rape is defined as, â€Å"the penetration no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim.† (Editorial Board, 2016, P.21) B. It is important to know whatRead MoreThe Seriousness Of Rape And The Crime Itself1694 Words   |  7 Pages The Seriousness of Rape Keiser University Victimology Adriana Braxton 2/21/2017 In this paper I will be able to tell you about rape and the crime itself. I will explain who the victims of this crime are, how prevalent is this crime, what are the causes of this crime, in what ways do victims contribute to the crime, methods of prevention, resources available to assist victims of this crime, and my option of any needed changes in resources, laws, and sentencing related to this crime. â€Æ' ThereRead MoreMarital Rape Is A Serious Form Of Intimate Violence1013 Words   |  5 PagesMarital rape is a very serious form of intimate violence. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the definition for marital rape is defined as, â€Å"sexual intercourse forced on a women by her husband, knowingly against her will.† (Oxford University Press). However, the legal definition varies from state to next; marital rape is commonly defined as unwanted penetration or intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) taken by force and/or threat of force when a wife does not give consent (Roberts and Roberts)Read MoreViolence Against Women Within The Family1252 Words   |  6 PagesViolence against women within the family is an ongoing issue. Marital rape is a very serious form of intimate violence. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the definition for marital rape is defined as, â€Å"sexual intercourse forced on a women by her husband, knowingly against her will.† (Oxfo rd University Press). However, the legal definition varies from state to next; marital rape is commonly defined as unwanted penetration or intercourse (oral, anal, or vaginal) taken by force and/or threatRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesthe United Nations has continuously been committed towards the elimination of violence against women under the United Nations Crime Prevention and Justice Program. As it pertains to Canada, Lakeman (2006) affords that The Vancouver Rape Relief Center shelters over 100 rape domestic abuse victims each year. However, in spite of the great, motivating, and inspiring strides that have over the years been made towards the realization of gender parity and women’s empowerment (Human Rights Watch, 2006), aRead MoreA Controversial Policy For Combat Marital Rape2146 Words   |  9 PagesA Proposed Policy to Combat Marital Rape Marital rape, a rape in which the perpetrator is the victim’s spouse, is an underestimated, underreported reality that effects 10-14% of all women in the U.S (Basile, 2011). Although the U.S. government has made strides in sexual violence laws in the past few years, marital rape policies still have a long way to go. The instance of marital rape should be combatted by the U.S. Federal Government with a multifaceted plan. First, the U.S. federal government should

Parental Corporal Punishment Free Essays

In different households across the nation many parents spank, whip, swat, or paddle children in order to punish them for doing wrong or to act as a buffer against unacceptable behavior. These types of actions are acts of corporal punishment. Researchers Abraham Andero and Allen Stewart of Alabama State University define corporal punishment as â€Å"a discipline method in which a supervising adult deliberately inflicts pain upon a child in response to a child’s unacceptable behavior† ( Andero and Stewart 90). We will write a custom essay sample on Parental Corporal Punishment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Proponents of corporal punishment argue there is no harm in using corporal punishment in order to correct a child’s behavior. Corporal punishment is a controversial subject among parents, teachers, and the medical community. It is agreed among researchers that children should be disciplined for their improper behavior; however, corporal punishment is an unacceptable disciplining tool because it teaches children to use violence, causes physical and psychological damage, and there are other ways to discipline a child besides corporal punishment. Corporal punishment teaches children to use acts of violence against their peers or other members of society. Douglas Fry, a well- known anthropologist, noted that â€Å"Psychological research shows that parents or adults that use physical punishment, there is a tendency for recipient child to imitate the adult and act aggressively† (Fry 53). Fry conducted an observation on children ages three to eight years from two different communities: La Paz and San Andres. Fry recorded data on the children’s fighting and play fighting behavior. The results of his study concluded that the children of La Paz had lower levels of serious aggression and play aggression than the children of San Andres. The reason the children of La Paz had lower levels of aggression was because their parents used nonviolent techniques to discipline them (Fry 51-54). The conclusion of this particular study coincides with the social learning theory. Researchers Jennifer Lansford and Kenneth Dodge, in a similar study of cultures concluded that â€Å" the more frequently a society employs corporal punishment of its children, the more prevalent adult violence is at a societal level and the more adults endorse the use of violence† (Landsford and Dodge 265). Children are committing more and more violent crimes every day and some studies have shown a link between children that are physically disciplined and children who use violence against each other. Lansford and Dodge also noted that â€Å"an individual could become violent later on in life if their parents condone violence† (265). Parents need to be especially mindful of their behavior because children tend to model their parent’s behavior. Parent’s attitudes concerning corporal punishment can affect how their children behave. A phone interview was given to 134 parent child dyads. The children that were interviewed ranged in ages from 10 to 13. The parents were asked questions in reference to their parenting style, their mental health, and questions in relation to their over all relationship with their children. The children were asked questions about being bullied and being involved in fights and how well they interact with their parents. The findings of this surveyed revealed forty percent of parents interviewed admitted that they would tell their child to defend themselves if they were hit or pushed. Two out of three children reported that they would fight another student if they became angry enough. The survey also revealed that children whose parents physically punished them had higher instances of fighting and bullying within their last school term (â€Å"Parents† 3-4). Parents are wise to tell their children what their expectations are regarding violence and children need to be taught how to handle conflict in a nonviolent manner. Advocates of corporal punishment rarely seem to take into account the physical and psychological damage incurred to children who have been physically punished. The most obvious damage done is that which can be seen by the eye. Often times, when a parent administers corporal punishment, they are angry and allow his or her emotions to get the best of them. Some parents do not know when to stop hitting their child. Elizabeth Gershoff, a researcher from Columbia University, notes in one of her studies that â€Å"if corporal punishment is administered too frequently or severely it can lead to child abuse† (Gershoff 542). Unfortunately the child suffers the most from being hit out of anger and frustration. Lacerations, cuts, welts, and discoloration of skin can be visual effects of corporal punishment. While more attention maybe given to the physical effects of corporal punishment, in no way should we not be cognizant of the psychological effects of corporal punishment. The psychological effects are not as visible and noticeable as the physical effects of corporal punishment. Although there is no definite clear cause and effect evidence, many psychologists find correlations strong enough to find that corporal punishment causes lasting harm such as low-self esteem, depression, and even suicide. Researchers at Old Dominion University conducted a study of 274 undergraduate students that concluded â€Å"respondents who experienced the highest level of physical punishment in their families of origin reported higher family conflict†¦greater family worries†¦more depressive symptoms†¦and more negative social relationships† (Leary, et al. 1). Similar research has also shown that children who have been physically punished can also show signs of stress. Researchers from the University of New Hampshire concluded that â€Å"receiving physical punishment from a parent is likely to be stressful† (Mulvaney and Merbert 390). The stress incurred to children can lead to â€Å"mental health disorders†¦including decreased emotion processing† (Mulvaney and Merbert 390). The stress can be overwhelming to a child and the affects of the stress can have a negative impact leading into adulthood. There are alternative methods to discipline a child besides corporal punishment. These methods will not cause physical harm and can be quite effective. One way to discipline a child is to â€Å"tolerate or ignore the behavior† with the hopes that the child will change his or her unwarranted behavior (Fry 23). Dr. Waterston, a pediatrician, recommends timeout which means â€Å"to withdraw attention for a period of time† and is â€Å"effective in increasing compliance† (Waterston 261). This method of discipline usually works well with younger children. The effectiveness of timeout depends on if it is used â€Å"consistently†¦for an appropriate duration†¦not excessively† (American† 725). A type of punishment that is more appropriate for older children is to remove privileges or deny them the right to participate in their favorite activity. In order for this type of discipline to be effective it is recommended that â€Å"a valued privilege or reinforcer is removed† (â€Å"American† 725). For example, instead of lashing Little Johnny with a belt because he talked back to his teacher, a parent could instead deny Little Johnny the right to attend the movies with his friends on Friday night. Denying Little Johnny the right to attend the movies with his friends will probably hurt him more than the lash of a belt. Parents can also use verbal reprimands as a form of discipline. Parents need to be especially careful of how they verbally reprimand their children, or this form of discipline can lose its effectiveness. The American Academy of Pediatrics explains that â€Å"verbal reprimands should reference the undesirable behavior and should not slander the child’s character† (â€Å"American† 725). It is best that parents are not fueled by anger when employing this type of discipline. The subject of corporal punishment will continue to be a debated topic. There are parents, doctors, and teachers that see no harm in parents using corporal punishment to discipline their children. Physically punishing a child teaches them to use violence as children tend to learn by example. Physical punishment affects children physically and psychologically which could causes problems as they enter adulthood. Clearly, there are other methods to discipline children which can be effective and will not cause harm to children. Ultimately, it is the parent’s choice whether or not they want to use corporal punishment as a disciplining tool. As more research is conducted on the effects of corporal punishment, hopefully parents will learn through education and awareness that corporal punishment is an unacceptable discipline tool. How to cite Parental Corporal Punishment, Essay examples

Information Security for Computer Security Breach -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInformation Security for Computer Security Breach. Answer: Computer Security Breach in Brooks Brothers In May 2017, Brooks Brothers informed that a data breach has been happened to the organization and the customers information related to their payment card may have been affected by these breach. This threat was for the customers who had made purchase at Brooks Brothers retailers and Brooks Brothers outlet, located at Puerto Rico and U.S. between the date April 2016 and March 2017 (Brooks Brothers, 2017). Brooks Brothers confessed that no sensitive personal information were in danger except payment cards. They also reported that personal identifying information and Social Security Numbers were safe and not affected in this incident. The company is taking precautions after this breach affected it. These steps could have been taken earlier to stop such intrusion as well-known proverb Precaution is better than cure. What was the Problem? Based on forensic investigation, Brooks Brothers reported that an unauthorized user was somehow able to gain access to the payment processing system and installed malicious software in that system at their outlet and retail locations. Brooks Brothers have also provided a list at their website of the outlet and retails where this unwanted problem occurred. These lists was provided on the website to aware the customers about this threat and apply necessary precautions they can do to keep themselves safe, like password change, new payment card issuing and others (Brooks Brothers, 2017). Brooks Brothers also informed that any of the online customers were not affected nor the payments made at the airport locations were affected. After the investigation, it was noticed that not all the customers were affected. Only affected customers were the one who used payment card at the retailers or outlet between April 2016 and March 2017. These breach affected all the payment card data including nam e, account number, payment card number, carve verification code and card expiration date. These were sensitive information related to the account of customers that are enough to steal money from their account (Trautman, 2016). With the list, Brooks Brothers also provided additional information how a customer can take steps in order to protect themselves from any unwanted accidents and assuring them that the issue has been solved and transaction system is free from any cyber-attack and personal information of a customer are safe with the company (Biener, Eling Wirfs, 2015). Who were affected? Brooks Brothers is a mens clothing retailer, which has around 400 or more stores spread in the whole world among which more than 200 stores were affected by this breach (Brooks Brothers). This breach was on the run for more than a year and the customers who had purchased the goods from certain stores using card as the mode of payment were the victims of this attack. One-year on-going breach made this vast data breach and led to affect a large population of the customers at Puerto and U.S. This led to the theft of payment and account information of the individuals who made the purchase at Puerto and U.S. outlets and retails. This also affected the reputation of Brooks Brothers, as it makes the customers personal information unsafe. Exposing such personal and sensitive information to unauthorized user may lead to certain privacy and security risk to the customers of Brooks Brothers (Sgouras, Birda Labridis, 2014). How the attack was carried out? Forensic investigators involved in this case reported that an outsider-unauthorized individual was somehow able to access the details involving in payment transaction system. People generally use their credit card and debit cards to make the payment for the shopping done at any store, as this is the easiest way to make payment (Shackelford, 2012). Hackers may have gain access through injecting malicious malware, which is still in shadows that how it get started. According to Specialists and experienced IT the company had not carried out professional penetration tests on regular basis, thus they were not able to detect this breach for that much long time (more than a year). Brooks Brothers had extreme casual attitude towards the data cyber-security of the customers who were purchasing goods from the stores. What could have been done to prevent the Attack If the security of the personal information were the first priority of Brooks Brothers then this mass data breach would have never happened. Brooks Brothers should have taken serious precautions earlier, before implementing payment mode by cards. The system had not any alarming system, which could have notified about this breach earlier. Casualties would be very low, if there was proper alarming or notification system programmed earlier (Anderson et al., 2013). There should be proper audit on regular basis to take care of any intrusion that might have affected the system and the information saved in those systems. This long duration confirms that there was not any reviewing or auditing process in the whole payment system,which is why it took one year to discover the intrusion. There should be a strong vendor default password because it gives the easiest entry for the hackers to enter the system. Limiting the number of people accessing the POS system may have also stopped such unwante d event. Data should not be stored about the payment related information of the customers and if it is necessary, then proper tokenization and encryption technologies should be used in order to make the data and information safe by protecting the data end to end (Sinhger Friedman, 2014). These measures could have stopped this incident from harming such sensitive information of an individual. WannaCry Ransomware Cyber Attack This was one of the biggest cyber-attacks, which affected more than 230,000 computers at the global level between the duration 12th may to 15th may. This cyber attack was named WannaCry Ransomware attack because hacklers used a malicious malware that connects to the computer through network encrypting all the files saved in the storage system, and asks money in the form of Bit Coin Currency for the decryption (Kuner et al., 2017). This cyber attack was started at London when a European opened a zip file that injected that malicious virus into the system and uses network as a path to spread into other systems. What was the problem? The hackers had used an unknown malicious malware that used internet as a path to spread and cause damages to the files of the organization saved in the storage system of the computers. In technical terms, the virus used to encrypt all the files so that a user cannot open any file without decryption, which can only be offered by the hackers who had invented this virus. IT researches found the way to slow down the attack but regular updates were being uploaded to the systems, which wastes all the attempts made by the researchers. This virus was attacking all the operating systems including, window XP, Server 2003, Windows 7, and Windows 8. However, it was reported that Windows XP and Server 2003 were in the list of least affected systems but Windows 7 and Windows 8 were in the list of most affected systems (Renaud, 2017). As most of the organization nowadays are using Windows 7 and Windows 8 as their operating systems. It was also noted that this virus also affected software that were installed from black market mostly. This made China in the top list of affected countries as 70 % of the Chinese use un-authenticated software from black market. Who were affected and how? This cyber-attack damages several organizations in the worldwide, very few of them were able to protect their systems and decrypt those files but most of them became prey of this cyber-attack and had to pay ransom for the decryption. Hospitals, multinational companies, governments and federal all were suffered from this attack. Automobile companies like Renault and Nissan had also to suffer this misery. Many police headquarter systems file was encrypted like Chinese police and Indian Police had to shut down there stations in order to stop spreading this virus (Mohurle Patil, 2017). Electronic companies and Courier Companies like Hitachi and Fed Ex reported the intrusion and exposed about the loss the organization and the customers had to suffer due to this cyber-attack. UK and U.S. hospitals had to cancel the appointments and delay the surgery, which causes serious damage to the patients, and the management of the hospitals as there was not any file accessing related to the patients and doctors. Courier companies reported delay in the deliveries due to the ransomware cyber-attack (Ehrenfeld, 2017). Nissan was less affected than Renault was, as when the virus started they set there all the systems to go offline, which resulted in saving rest of the systems. Russia and India were also in the list of affected victims by this cyber-attack. How was the attack carried out? According to the IT researchers and the developers, attack was initiated at London on 12th may 2017 using a host computer in which the virus was injected after a European opened a zip file. There were several commands in that zip files, which was automatically operating the system and giving command to it. After several hours, it was found by the researchers that the virus is giving command to the system to connect to the network to an unknown server, which in real does not exist (Martin, Kinros Hankin, 2017). This was done for distracting the researchers in manner to gather more time to spread over the network and access to files saved in the storage of those systems. The encryption was too good that no one would be able to decrypt those files. This all happened because of the software installed from the black market and stolen from the U.S. Agency. That software was EternalBlue, which was the only software that could have give access to the hackers to the files saved in the system . This decryption could only be done by software named DoublePulsar, which was available to the hackers only, and they used to install this software on the affected systems if they pay the asked ransom money. What could have been done to prevent the attack? There are a lot of measures and precautions that could have been done to prevent this attack Firstly, the software made by the U.S. Agency should be kept highly secure and should not expose to the internet or black market and if this software was exposed U.S. should inform to the world, which could have helped in taking preventive measures earlier. The files that were being saved in the system should be tokenized and encrypted by using proper techniques (Collier, 2017). Using original and updated versions of the operating system could have also stopped this attack from being such a big mess. Security patches that were provided by the Microsoft should have been made available for the users. Installed better and original anti-virus could have also stopped this attack from being spread in such a large area (Swenson, 2017). References Anderson, R., Barton, C., Bhme, R., Clayton, R., Van Eeten, M. J., Levi, M., ... Savage, S. (2013). Measuring the cost of cybercrime. InThe economics of information security and privacy(pp. 265-300). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Biener, C., Eling, M., Wirfs, J. H. (2015). Insurability of cyber risk: An empirical analysis.The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice,40(1), 131-158. Brooks Brothers (2017). Retrieved 23 August 2017, from https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/Sample%20Notice_9.pdf Collier, R. (2017). NHS ransomware attack spreads worldwide. Ehrenfeld, J. M. (2017). WannaCry, Cybersecurity and Health Information Technology: A Time to Act.Journal of Medical Systems,41(7), 104. Kuner, C., Svantesson, D. J. B., H Cate, F., Lynskey, O., Millard, C. (2017).The rise of cybersecurity and its impact on data protection.International Data Privacy Law, 7(2), 73-75. Martin, G., Kinross, J., Hankin, C. (2017). Effective cybersecurity is fundamental to patient safety. Mohurle, S., Patil, M. (2017). A brief study of Wannacry Threat: Ransomware Attack 2017.International Journal,8(5). Renaud, K. (2017). It makes you Wanna Cry. Sgouras, K. I., Birda, A. D., Labridis, D. P. (2014, February). Cyber attack impact on critical Smart Grid infrastructures. InInnovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), 2014 IEEE PES(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Shackelford, S. J. (2012). Should your firm invest in cyber risk insurance?.Business Horizons,55(4), 349-356. Singer, P. W., Friedman, A. (2014).Cybersecurity: What Everyone Needs to Know. Oxford University Press. Swenson, G. (2017). Bolstering Government Cybersecurity Lessons Learned from WannaCry. Trautman, L. J. (2016). E-Commerce, Cyber, and Electronic Payment System Risks: Lessons from PayPal.